The purpose of the FCRA Point/Counterpoint Column is to allow members to give their opinions regarding current topics that affect the court reporting profession.
Topics will be chosen by the FCR Online Editor and the FCRA Board of Directors and will be sent out to the membership on a quarterly basis via E-Flash.
We welcome your opinions and would love to hear from you.
Rules and Conditions
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3. Opinions should not specify the names or locations of individuals or firms.
4. The first and last name of the author must appear at the conclusion of the opinion.
5. All opinions submitted that comply with the rules and conditions will be posted on the Florida Court Reporters Association website.
6. A sampling of viewpoints chosen by the FCR Online Editor and will appear in the quarterly publication of FCR Online.
7. FCRA makes no warranties as to the reliability or accuracy of any statements contained in the opinion.
8. Opinions are made on the responsibility of the author alone and do not imply any opinion or endorsement on the part of anyone connected with FCRA.
Advisory Opinion 45
Guidance on Gift Giving Rules (Provision No. 8)
Statement of Facts
The NCRA Board of Directors asked the Committee on Professional Ethics to provide practical guidance on the gift giving restrictions of Provision No. 8, which states in part that “A Member shall … Refrain from giving, directly or indirectly, any gift, incentive, reward or anything of value to attorneys, clients, witnesses, insurance companies or any other persons or entities associated with the litigation, or to the representatives or agents of any of the foregoing, except for (1) items that do not exceed $100 in the aggregate per recipient each year.”
Discussion
Purpose of the Provision: The Association adopted the restrictions contained in Provision No. 8 because the practice of giving items of value to attorneys, clients, or their staff could create in the eyes of the public the appearance that the reporter or firm holds some partiality or favoritism toward the recipient. As such, these practices undermine and dilute the integrity of the reporting profession and the status of the reporter as neutral and impartial officer of the court.
What is a Gift? As in the rules governing the United States Congress, the term “gift” is defined broadly to include any item, gratuity, favor, entertainment, hospitality or other item having monetary value. This includes “points” or “credits” that may be exchanged by the recipient for something of value.
From its adoption in 1993, Provision No. 8 has recognized that gifts of nominal value, such as pens, pencils, coffee mugs and other advertising paraphernalia or modest forms of meals and entertainment do not compromise the reporter or firm’s appearance of impartiality and are permissible.
What is the Value of a Gift? The size of a gift is measured by its retail or fair market value. That is, what the recipient would reasonably expect to pay if they were to purchase the gift for themselves from generally accessible sources. The actual cost incurred by the firm or individual providing the gift is irrelevant.
What is the $100 Aggregate Limit? Such gifts that do not exceed $100 in aggregate value, per recipient, per year are considered nominal and are permissible. Items with a value of less than $10 do not count toward the annual limit.
These aggregate limits apply to the individual person who is the recipient and beneficiary of the gift.
Pro Bono Services Allowed. Provision No. 8 also recognizes an exception allowing for members to provide pro bono services as defined by the “NCRA Guidelines for Professional Practice” or by applicable state and local laws, rules and regulations.
Adhering to the Spirit of the Rule: Members must adhere to the spirit as well as the letter of the rule regarding gift giving and avoiding the appearance of impropriety. For example, to repeatedly give gifts valued at under $10 to the same recipient in order to exceed the $100 aggregate limit would violate the spirit of the provision and hence be impermissible. Elaborate or complicated schemes to obfuscate the value of gifts offered or to direct gifts to a single recipient through different staff members from the same firm in order to exceed the limits of Provision No. 8 would similarly violate the spirit of the rule and be impermissible.
Complaint Process: Allegations of violations of Provision No. 8 of the Code will be considered and adjudicated using the standard procedures and due process protections contained in the COPE Complaint Procedures.
http://ncraonline.org/AboutNCRA/cope/Complaint/
The Committee on Professional Ethics may find a violation of the Code based upon the above factors.
Pursuant to the Complaint Procedures and NCRA’s Constitution and Bylaws, following the filing and consideration of a complaint, the Committee shall prepare a written decision containing its findings of fact and conclusions. It may issue a cautionary letter, warning or statement of advice to the Member, require remedial ethics training, order that the Member be reprimanded, or determine that the Member be suspended or expelled from the Association, depending upon the severity of the violation, prior history and other relevant circumstances.
NCRA is extremely sensitive to its obligation to ensure that nothing in the Code infringes upon a member's ability to make independent business decisions or otherwise raises antitrust concerns. By way of clarification, the Committee notes that Provision No. 8 is not designed to prevent or deter members’ practices relating to volume or price discounting of their reporting services. The purpose of the gift giving restrictions is to discourage practices that in the past have undermined the critical role court reporters play as impartial and neutral officers of the court, not to inhibit legitimate forms of price competition. These restrictions are similar in scope and nature to those placed on other professions both within and outside the legal field. These restrictions have been in place since 1993 and have been reviewed by the U. S. Federal Trade Commission. NCRA satisfied the FTC that the reasonable limits the provision places upon the profession are appropriate.
This Advisory Opinion No. 45 amends and supersedes Advisory Opinion No. 27.
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